Otolaryngology

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Otolaryngology is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders. The full name of the specialty is otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Practitioners are called otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons, or sometimes otorhinolaryngologists (ORL). A commonly used term for this specialty is ENT (ear, nose and throat). The term comes from the Greek ωτολαρυγγολογία (oto = genitive for ear, laryngo = genitive for larynx/throat, logy = study), and it literally means the study of ear and neck. The full term ωτορρινολαρυγγολογία (otorhinolaryngology), also includes rhino, which is the genitive of nose.

Explanation

Otolaryngologists are medical doctors (MD, MBBS, MBChB, etc.) or osteopathic doctors (DO) who complete at least five years of surgical residency training. This is comprised of one year in general surgical training and four years in otolaryngology - head and neck surgery; in the past it varied between two and three years of each.

Following residency training some otolaryngologists elect to complete advanced subspeciality fellowship training which can range from as little as 2 weekend courses (Allergy)[1] or as long as 1-2 years in duration (pediatric otolaryngology)[2].^{[citation needed]}

Subspecialties

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(*Currently recognized by American Board of Medical Subspecialties)

Head and Neck	Facial plastics*	Otology	Neuro-otology*	Rhinology/Sinus	Laryngology	Pediatrics*	Sleep*
Surgical oncology	Facial cosmetics	Ear	Middle and inner ear	Sinusitis	Voice therapy	VeloPalatine-Insufficiency
Reconstruction	Maxillofacial	Hearing	Temporal bone	Allergy	Phono-surgery	Cleft Lip and Palate
Endocrine surgery	Trauma		Skull base	Anterior skull base		Airway
			Dizziness	Apnea and snoring		Vascular Malformations
						Cochlear Implant/BAHA